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speed characteristics which match the engine airflow characteristics. The fuel injection pump is designed for good cylinder-to-cylinder fuel distribution, control of injection timing over a wide range and fuel delivery vs. With the use of oxidation catalysts, the engine has the potential to meet the low mileage emission objectives required for certain future emission standards. Dual spark ignition facilitates operation with lean air/fuel ratios and high EGR rates which result in NOx control capability coupled with limited HC and CO control. The injector nozzle is a unique design which provides acceptable atomization with only 250 psi pressure drop. A low penetration fuel spray, together with the in-cylinder air motions, provides for excellent mixture preparation under stratified conditions. The PROCO combustion system includes a combustion bowl in the piston, an intake port designed to impart swirl to the inducted air, a fuel injector nozzle and two spark plugs. These features enable the PROCO engine to achieve brake specific fuel consumption values in the range of prechamber diesel engines. In the gasoline fueled, PROCO stratified charge engine, direct cylinder fuel injection permits operation at overall lean mixture ratios and higher compression ratio.
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However, the disadvantages of the Diesel, which include noisy operation, limited speed range, exhaust odor, smoke, hard startability, and particulate emissions have tended to limit their acceptance. The desirable characteristic of the Diesel engine is its outstanding fuel economy. The outstanding characteristics of premixed charge engines are their high specific output, wide speed range, light weight and easy startability but they exhibit only modest fuel economy and relatively high exhaust emissions.
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The Ford PROCO stratified charge engine combines the desirable characteristics of premixed charge and Diesel engines.